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belonging to the south

  • 1 meridiana

    mĕrīdĭānus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to mid-day, mid-day-.
    I.
    (Class.) Tempus, mid-day, noon, Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

    sol,

    Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 86:

    somnus,

    id. Ep. 9, 40, 2; Lact. 2, 9, 9.—Hence, as subst.: mĕ-rīdĭāni, sc. gladiatores, mid-day combatants, gladiators who fought at mid-day, Suet. Claud. 34.—In abl. adv.: mĕrīdĭā-nō, sc. tempore, at mid-day, Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96; 9, 8, 8, § 25.—
    II.
    Transf., of or belonging to the south or south side, southern, southerly, meridional:

    ager spectat ad meridianam caeli partem,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 1:

    pars orbis, opp. septentrionalis,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 4:

    plaga,

    Plin. 2, 11, 8, § 50; Lact. 2, 9:

    orbis,

    Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 42:

    circulus,

    the equator, Sen. Q. N. 5, 17:

    latus tabernaculi,

    Vulg. Exod. 26, 35.— Subst.: mĕrīdĭānum, i, n., the south, Vell. 2, 126, 3; Vulg. Eccli. 34, 19; id. Act. 8, 26.— mĕrīdĭāna, ōrum, n., southern places or parts:

    in meridianis Indiae,

    Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 24.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > meridiana

  • 2 meridiani

    mĕrīdĭānus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to mid-day, mid-day-.
    I.
    (Class.) Tempus, mid-day, noon, Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

    sol,

    Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 86:

    somnus,

    id. Ep. 9, 40, 2; Lact. 2, 9, 9.—Hence, as subst.: mĕ-rīdĭāni, sc. gladiatores, mid-day combatants, gladiators who fought at mid-day, Suet. Claud. 34.—In abl. adv.: mĕrīdĭā-nō, sc. tempore, at mid-day, Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96; 9, 8, 8, § 25.—
    II.
    Transf., of or belonging to the south or south side, southern, southerly, meridional:

    ager spectat ad meridianam caeli partem,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 1:

    pars orbis, opp. septentrionalis,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 4:

    plaga,

    Plin. 2, 11, 8, § 50; Lact. 2, 9:

    orbis,

    Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 42:

    circulus,

    the equator, Sen. Q. N. 5, 17:

    latus tabernaculi,

    Vulg. Exod. 26, 35.— Subst.: mĕrīdĭānum, i, n., the south, Vell. 2, 126, 3; Vulg. Eccli. 34, 19; id. Act. 8, 26.— mĕrīdĭāna, ōrum, n., southern places or parts:

    in meridianis Indiae,

    Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 24.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > meridiani

  • 3 meridiano

    mĕrīdĭānus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to mid-day, mid-day-.
    I.
    (Class.) Tempus, mid-day, noon, Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

    sol,

    Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 86:

    somnus,

    id. Ep. 9, 40, 2; Lact. 2, 9, 9.—Hence, as subst.: mĕ-rīdĭāni, sc. gladiatores, mid-day combatants, gladiators who fought at mid-day, Suet. Claud. 34.—In abl. adv.: mĕrīdĭā-nō, sc. tempore, at mid-day, Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96; 9, 8, 8, § 25.—
    II.
    Transf., of or belonging to the south or south side, southern, southerly, meridional:

    ager spectat ad meridianam caeli partem,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 1:

    pars orbis, opp. septentrionalis,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 4:

    plaga,

    Plin. 2, 11, 8, § 50; Lact. 2, 9:

    orbis,

    Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 42:

    circulus,

    the equator, Sen. Q. N. 5, 17:

    latus tabernaculi,

    Vulg. Exod. 26, 35.— Subst.: mĕrīdĭānum, i, n., the south, Vell. 2, 126, 3; Vulg. Eccli. 34, 19; id. Act. 8, 26.— mĕrīdĭāna, ōrum, n., southern places or parts:

    in meridianis Indiae,

    Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 24.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > meridiano

  • 4 meridianum

    mĕrīdĭānus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to mid-day, mid-day-.
    I.
    (Class.) Tempus, mid-day, noon, Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

    sol,

    Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 86:

    somnus,

    id. Ep. 9, 40, 2; Lact. 2, 9, 9.—Hence, as subst.: mĕ-rīdĭāni, sc. gladiatores, mid-day combatants, gladiators who fought at mid-day, Suet. Claud. 34.—In abl. adv.: mĕrīdĭā-nō, sc. tempore, at mid-day, Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96; 9, 8, 8, § 25.—
    II.
    Transf., of or belonging to the south or south side, southern, southerly, meridional:

    ager spectat ad meridianam caeli partem,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 1:

    pars orbis, opp. septentrionalis,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 4:

    plaga,

    Plin. 2, 11, 8, § 50; Lact. 2, 9:

    orbis,

    Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 42:

    circulus,

    the equator, Sen. Q. N. 5, 17:

    latus tabernaculi,

    Vulg. Exod. 26, 35.— Subst.: mĕrīdĭānum, i, n., the south, Vell. 2, 126, 3; Vulg. Eccli. 34, 19; id. Act. 8, 26.— mĕrīdĭāna, ōrum, n., southern places or parts:

    in meridianis Indiae,

    Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 24.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > meridianum

  • 5 meridianus

    mĕrīdĭānus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to mid-day, mid-day-.
    I.
    (Class.) Tempus, mid-day, noon, Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

    sol,

    Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 86:

    somnus,

    id. Ep. 9, 40, 2; Lact. 2, 9, 9.—Hence, as subst.: mĕ-rīdĭāni, sc. gladiatores, mid-day combatants, gladiators who fought at mid-day, Suet. Claud. 34.—In abl. adv.: mĕrīdĭā-nō, sc. tempore, at mid-day, Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96; 9, 8, 8, § 25.—
    II.
    Transf., of or belonging to the south or south side, southern, southerly, meridional:

    ager spectat ad meridianam caeli partem,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 1:

    pars orbis, opp. septentrionalis,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 4:

    plaga,

    Plin. 2, 11, 8, § 50; Lact. 2, 9:

    orbis,

    Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 42:

    circulus,

    the equator, Sen. Q. N. 5, 17:

    latus tabernaculi,

    Vulg. Exod. 26, 35.— Subst.: mĕrīdĭānum, i, n., the south, Vell. 2, 126, 3; Vulg. Eccli. 34, 19; id. Act. 8, 26.— mĕrīdĭāna, ōrum, n., southern places or parts:

    in meridianis Indiae,

    Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 24.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > meridianus

  • 6 to

    1. tə,tu preposition
    1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) a, hacia
    2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) a, hasta
    3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) hasta
    4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) con, a
    5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) a, para
    6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) en
    7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) a
    8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) en; para
    9) (tə used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) para
    10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.) (hacerlo)

    2. tu: adverb
    1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) hasta cerrar
    2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).) a
    •
    to prep
    1. a
    2. a / hasta
    she works from nine to five trabaja de nueve a cinco / trabaja desde las nueve hasta las cinco
    3. menos
    4. para
    to
    tr[tʊ, ʊnstressed tə]
    ■ did you go to the bank? ¿fuiste al banco?
    ■ A is to the north/south/east/west of B A está al norte/sur/este/oeste de B
    2 (towards) hacia
    3 (as far as, until) a, hasta
    ■ I like all music, from Abba to ZZTop me gusta toda la música, desde Abba hasta ZZTop
    4 (of time) menos
    6 (for) de
    ■ what's the answer to question 4? ¿cuál es la respuesta a la pregunta número 4?
    7 (attitude, behaviour) con, para con
    9 (touching) a, contra
    10 (accompanied by) acompañado,-a de
    ■ to my surprise, it was empty para mi sorpresa, estaba vacío
    12 (as seen by) por lo que respecta
    ■ to a foreigner, it must seem awful para un extranjero, debe parecer terrible
    ■ to some people he was a hero, to others a traitor para algunos era un héroe, para otros era un traidor
    14 (ratio) a
    15 (per, equivalent) a, en
    ■ how much does your car do to the gallon? ≈ ¿cuánto gasta tu coche a los cien kilómetros?
    16 (according to) según
    ■ is it to your taste? ¿es de su agrado?
    18 (in order to) para, a fin de
    ■ would you like to dance? --I'd love to ¿te gustaría bailar? --me encantaría
    ■ she didn't want to go, but she had to no quería ir, pero no le quedaba más remedio
    1 (of door) ajustada
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to and fro vaivén, ir y venir Table 1SMALLNOTA/SMALL Cuando se usa con la raíz del verbo para formar el infinitivo no se traduce/Table 1 ■ I want to help you quiero ayudarte
    to ['tu:] adv
    1) : a un estado consciente
    to come to: volver en sí
    2)
    to and fro : de aquí para allá, de un lado para otro
    to prep
    to go to the doctor: ir al médico
    I'm going to John's: voy a la casa de John
    2) toward: a, hacia
    two miles to the south: dos millas hacia el sur
    3) on: en, sobre
    apply salve to the wound: póngale ungüento a la herida
    4) up to: hasta, a
    to a degree: hasta cierto grado
    from head to toe: de pies a cabeza
    it's quarter to seven: son las siete menos cuarto
    6) until: a, hasta
    from May to December: de mayo a diciembre
    the key to the lock: la llave del candado
    dancing to the rhythm: bailando al compás
    it's similar to mine: es parecido al mío
    they won 4 to 2: ganaron 4 a 2
    made to order: hecho a la orden
    to my knowledge: a mi saber
    11) (indicating inclusion) : en cada, por
    twenty to the box: veinte por caja
    to understand: entender
    to go away: irse

    I tuː, weak form tə
    1)

    we went to John's — fuimos a casa de John, fuimos a lo de John (RPl), fuimos donde John (esp AmL)

    you can wear it to a party/the wedding — puedes ponértelo para una fiesta/la boda

    to the left/right of something — a la izquierda/derecha de algo

    2) (against, onto)
    3)
    a) ( as far as) hasta
    b) ( until) hasta

    there will be 30 to 35 guests — habrá entre 30 y 35 invitados; see also from 4)

    4)

    who did you send/give it to? — ¿a quién se lo mandaste/diste?

    what did you say to him/them? — ¿qué le/les dijiste?

    I'll hand you over to Jane — te paso or (Esp tb) te pongo con Jane

    I was singing/talking to myself — estaba cantando/hablando solo

    to me, he will always be a hero — para mí, siempre será un héroe

    he was very kind/rude to me — fue muy amable/grosero conmigo

    b) (in toasts, dedications)

    to Paul with love from Jane — para Paul, con cariño de Jane

    5) (indicating proportion, relation)

    how many ounces are there to the pound? — ¿cuántas onzas hay en una libra?

    it does 30 miles to the gallon — da or rinde 30 millas por galón, consume 6.75 litros a los or por cada cien kilómetros

    there's a 10 to 1 chance of... — hay una probabilidad de uno en 10 de...

    that's nothing to what followed — eso no es nada comparado or en comparación con lo que vino después

    what do you say to that? — ¿qué dices a eso?, ¿qué te parece (eso)?

    7)
    b) ( producing)

    to my horror/delight... — para mi horror/alegría...

    it has a nice ring/sound to it — suena bien

    9) ( telling time) (BrE)

    ten to three — las tres menos diez, diez para las tres (AmL exc RPl)

    they sang it to the tune of `Clementine' — lo cantaron con la melodía de `Clementine'


    II tə
    1)
    a)

    to sing/fear/leave — cantar/temer/partir

    b) ( in order to) para

    he awoke to find her gone — cuando despertó, ella ya se había ido

    2) (after adj or n)

    it's easy/difficult to do — es fácil/difícil de hacer


    III tuː
    [tʊ, tuː, tǝ]
    1. PREPOSITION
    When to is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg set to, heave to, look up the phrasal verb. When to is part of a set combination, eg nice to, to my mind, to all appearances, appeal to, look up the other word. Note: a + el = al

    it's 90 kilometres to Lima — de aquí a Lima hay 90 kilómetros, hay 90 kilómetros a Lima

    to go to Paris/Spain — ir a París/España

    to go to school/university — ir al colegio/a la Universidad

    I liked the exhibition, I went to it twice — me gustó la exposición, fui a verla dos veces

    we're going to John's/my parents' for Christmas — vamos a casa de John/mis padres por Navidad

    • have you ever been to India? — ¿has estado alguna vez en la India?

    • flights to Heathrow — vuelos a or con destino a Heathrow

    • the road to Edinburgh — la carretera de Edimburgo

    church 1., 2)
    2) (=towards) hacia

    move it to the left/right — muévelo hacia la izquierda/derecha

    3) (=as far as) hasta

    from here to London — de aquí a or hasta Londres

    4) (=up to) hasta

    to some extent — hasta cierto punto, en cierta medida

    • to this day I still don't know what he meant — aún hoy no sé lo que quiso decir

    • he didn't stay to the end — no se quedó hasta el final

    • from Monday to Friday — de lunes a viernes

    from morning to night — de la mañana a la noche, desde la mañana hasta la noche

    • funds to the value of... — fondos por valor de...

    decimal 1.
    5) (=located at) a
    6) (=against) contra

    it's a quarter to three — son las tres menos cuarto, es or (LAm) falta un cuarto para las tres

    the man I sold it to or frm to whom I sold it — el hombre a quien se lo vendí

    it belongs to me — me pertenece (a mí), es mío

    what is that to me? — ¿y a mí qué me importa eso?

    "that's strange," I said to myself — -es raro -me dije para mis adentros

    9) (in dedications, greetings)

    greetings to all our friends! — ¡saludos a todos los amigos!

    welcome to you all! — ¡bienvenidos todos!

    "to P.R. Lilly" — (in book) "para P.R. Lilly"

    here's to you! — ¡va por ti!, ¡por ti!

    a monument to the fallen — un monumento a los caídos, un monumento en honor a los caídos

    10) (in ratios, proportions) por

    three to the fourth, three to the power of four — (Math) tres a la cuarta potencia

    12) (=about, concerning)

    what do you say to that? — ¿qué te parece (eso)?

    what would you say to a beer? — ¿te parece que tomemos una cerveza?

    "to repairing pipes:..." — (on bill) "reparación de las cañerías:..."

    13) (=according to) según

    to my way of thinking — a mi modo de ver, según mi modo de pensar

    14) (=to the accompaniment of)

    it is sung to the tune of "Tipperary" — se canta con la melodía de "Tipperary"

    15) (=of, for) de
    16) (with gerund/noun)

    • to look forward to doing sth — tener muchas ganas de hacer algo

    • to prefer painting to drawing — preferir pintar a dibujar

    • to be used to (doing) sth — estar acostumbrado a (hacer) algo

    • to this end — a or con este fin

    • to my enormous shame I did nothing — para gran vergüenza mía, no hice nada

    • to my great surprise — con gran sorpresa por mi parte, para gran sorpresa mía

    2. INFINITIVE PARTICLE
    a)
    A preposition may be required with the Spanish infinitive, depending on what precedes it: look up the verb.

    • she refused to listen — se negó a escuchar

    • to start to cry — empezar or ponerse a llorar

    • to try to do sth — tratar de hacer algo, intentar hacer algo

    • to want to do sth — querer hacer algo

    • I'd advise you to think this over — te aconsejaría que te pensaras bien esto

    • he'd like me to give up work — le gustaría que dejase de trabajar

    • we'd prefer him to go to university — preferiríamos que fuese a la universidad

    • I want you to do it — quiero que lo hagas

    c)

    there was no one for me to ask, there wasn't anyone for me to ask — no había nadie a quien yo pudiese preguntar

    he's not the sort or type to do that — no es de los que hacen eso

    • that book is still to be written — ese libro está todavía por escribir

    • now is the time to do it — ahora es el momento de hacerlo

    • and who is he to criticize? — ¿y quién es él para criticar?

    3) (purpose, result) para

    it disappeared, never to be seen again — desapareció para siempre

    The particle to is not translated when it stands for the infinitive:

    "would you like to come to dinner?" - "I'd love to!" — -¿te gustaría venir a cenar? -¡me encantaría!

    For combinations like difficult/easy/foolish/ ready/ slow to etc, look up the adjective.

    the first/last to go — el primero/último en irse

    See:
    EASY, DIFFICULT, IMPOSSIBLE in easy

    and then to be let down like that! — ¡y para que luego te decepcionen así!

    and to think he didn't mean a word of it! — ¡y pensar que nada de lo que dijo era de verdad!

    7)

    to see him now one would never think that... — al verlo or viéndolo ahora nadie creería que...

    3.
    ADVERB

    to pull the door to — tirar de la puerta para cerrarla, cerrar la puerta tirando

    to push the door to — empujar la puerta para cerrarla, cerrar la puerta empujando

    * * *

    I [tuː], weak form [tə]
    1)

    we went to John's — fuimos a casa de John, fuimos a lo de John (RPl), fuimos donde John (esp AmL)

    you can wear it to a party/the wedding — puedes ponértelo para una fiesta/la boda

    to the left/right of something — a la izquierda/derecha de algo

    2) (against, onto)
    3)
    a) ( as far as) hasta
    b) ( until) hasta

    there will be 30 to 35 guests — habrá entre 30 y 35 invitados; see also from 4)

    4)

    who did you send/give it to? — ¿a quién se lo mandaste/diste?

    what did you say to him/them? — ¿qué le/les dijiste?

    I'll hand you over to Jane — te paso or (Esp tb) te pongo con Jane

    I was singing/talking to myself — estaba cantando/hablando solo

    to me, he will always be a hero — para mí, siempre será un héroe

    he was very kind/rude to me — fue muy amable/grosero conmigo

    b) (in toasts, dedications)

    to Paul with love from Jane — para Paul, con cariño de Jane

    5) (indicating proportion, relation)

    how many ounces are there to the pound? — ¿cuántas onzas hay en una libra?

    it does 30 miles to the gallon — da or rinde 30 millas por galón, consume 6.75 litros a los or por cada cien kilómetros

    there's a 10 to 1 chance of... — hay una probabilidad de uno en 10 de...

    that's nothing to what followed — eso no es nada comparado or en comparación con lo que vino después

    what do you say to that? — ¿qué dices a eso?, ¿qué te parece (eso)?

    7)
    b) ( producing)

    to my horror/delight... — para mi horror/alegría...

    it has a nice ring/sound to it — suena bien

    9) ( telling time) (BrE)

    ten to three — las tres menos diez, diez para las tres (AmL exc RPl)

    they sang it to the tune of `Clementine' — lo cantaron con la melodía de `Clementine'


    II [tə]
    1)
    a)

    to sing/fear/leave — cantar/temer/partir

    b) ( in order to) para

    he awoke to find her gone — cuando despertó, ella ya se había ido

    2) (after adj or n)

    it's easy/difficult to do — es fácil/difícil de hacer


    III [tuː]

    English-spanish dictionary > to

  • 7 अपर _apara

    अपर a. (treated as a pronoun in some senses)
    1 Having nothing higher or superior, unrivalled. matchless; without rival or second (नास्ति परो यस्मात्); स्त्रीरत्नसृष्टिर- परा प्रतिभाति सा मे Ś.2.1; cf. अनुत्तम, अनुत्तर.
    -2 [न पृणाति संतोषयति पृ अच्] (a) Another, other (used as adj. or subst.). वासांसि जीर्णानि यथा विहाय नवानि गृह्णाति नरो$पराणि Bg.2.22. (b) More, additional; कृतदारो$परान् दारान् Ms.11.5. (c) Second, another Pt.4.37; स्वं केशवो$पर इवाक्रमितुं प्रवृत्तः Mk.5.2 like another (rival) Keśava. (d) Different; other; अन्ये कृतयुगे धर्मास्त्रेतायां द्वापरे$परे Ms. 1.85; Ks.26.235; Pt.4.6 (with gen.). (e) Ordinary, of the middle sort (मध्यम); परितप्तो$प्यपरः सुसंवृतिः Śi. 16.23.
    -3 Belonging to another, not one's own (opp. स्व); यदि स्वाश्चापराश्चैव विन्देरन् योषितो द्विजाः Ms.9.85 of another caste.
    -4 Hinder, posterior, latter, later, (in time space) (opp. पूर्व); the last; पूर्वां सन्ध्यां जपंस्तिष्ठेत्स्वकाले चापरां चिरम् Ms.4.93; रात्रेरपरः कालः Nir.; oft. used as first member of a genitive Tatpuruṣa comp. meaning 'the hind part,' 'latter part or half'; ˚पक्षः the latter half of a month; ˚हेमन्तः latter half of a winter; ˚कायः hind part of the body &c.; ˚वर्षा, ˚शरद् latter part of the rains, autumn &c.
    -5 Following, the next.
    -6 Western; पयसि प्रतित्सुरपराम्बुनिधेः Śi.9.1. पूर्वापरौ तोयनिधी वगाह्य Ku. 1.1; Mu.4.21
    -7 Inferior, lower (निकृष्टः); अपरेयमि- तस्त्वन्यां प्रकृतिं विद्धि मे पराम् Bg.7.5.
    -8 (In Nyāya) Non-extensive, not covering too much, one of the two kinds of सामान्य, see Bhāṣā P.8. (परं = अधिकवृत्ति higher अपरम् = न्यूनवृत्ति lower or अधिकदेशवृत्तित्वं परं, अल्पदेशवृत्तित्वं अपरम् Muktā.)
    -9 Distant; opposite. When अपर is used in the singular as a correlative to एक the one, former, it means the other, the latter; एको ययौ चैत्ररथप्रदेशान् सौराज्य- रम्यानपरो विदर्भान् R.5.6; when used in pl. it means 'others', 'and others', and the words generally used as its correlatives are एके, केचित्-काश्चित् &c., अपरे, अन्ये; केचिद् रक्तपटीकृताश्च जटिलाः कापालिकाश्चापरे Pt.4.34; एके समूहुर्बलरेणुसंहतिं शिरोभिराज्ञामपरे महीभृतः Śi.12.45 some-others; शाखिनः केचिदध्यष्ठुर्न्यमाङ्क्षुरपरे$म्बुधौ । अन्ये त्वलङ्घिषुः शैलान् गुहास्त्वन्ये न्यलेषत ॥ केचिदासिषत स्तब्धा भयात्केचिदघूर्णिषुः । उदतारिषुरम्भोधिं वानराः सेतुनापरे Bk. 15.31.33.
    -रः 1 the hind foot of an ele- phant; बद्धापराणि परितो निगडान्यलावीत् Śi.5.48 (Malli. चरमपादाग्राणि).
    -2 An enemy (न पृणाति सन्तोषयति).
    -रा 1 Western direction, the west अपरां च दिशं प्राप्तो वालिना समभिद्रुतः Rām.4.46.18.
    -2 The hind part of an ele- phant.
    -3 Sacred learning, learning the four Vedas with the 6 Aṅgas.
    -4 The womb; the outer skin of the embryo.
    -5 Suppressed menstruation in pregnancy.
    -री Ved. The future, future times; उतापरीभ्यो मघवा विजिग्ये Rv.1.32.13.
    -रम् 1 The future, any thing to be done in future (कार्य); तदेतद्ब्रह्मापूर्वमपरमनन्तम् Bṛi. Ār. Up. (नास्ति अपरं कार्यं यस्य).
    -2 The hind quarter of an elephant.
    -रम् adv. Again, moreover, in future, for the future; अपरं च moreover; अपरेण behind, west of, to the west of (with gen. or acc.). [cf. Goth. afar; Germ. aber, as in aberglauben].
    -Comp. -अग्नि (अग्नी dual)
    1 the southern and western fires (दक्षिण and गार्हपत्य).
    -2 the last fire i. e. used at the funeral ceremony (˚ग्निः).
    -अङ्गम् one of the 8 divisions of गुणीभूतव्यङ्ग्य (the second kind of काव्य) mentioned in K. P.5. In this the व्यङ्ग्य or suggested sense is subordinate to something else; अगूढमपरस्याङ्गम्; अपरस्य रसादेर्वाच्यस्य वा (वाक्यार्थीभूतस्य) अङ्गं रसादि अनुरणनरूपं वा; e. g. अयं स रसनोत्कर्षी पीनस्तनविमर्दनः । नाभ्यूरुजघनस्पर्शी नीवीविस्रंसनः करः ॥ where शृङ्गार is subordi- nate to करुण.
    -अन्त a. living at the western borders.
    (-न्तः) 1 the western border or extremity, the extreme end or term. the western shore.
    -2 (pl.) the country or inhabitants of the western borders near the Sahya mountain; अपरान्तजयोद्यतैः (अनीकैः) R.4.53 Western people. दशार्णाश्चापरान्ताश्च द्विपानां मध्यमा मताः Kau.A.1.2.
    -3 the kings of this country.
    -4 death, Pātañjala Yogadarśana 3.22. ˚ज्ञानम् anticipation of one's end.
    -5 the hind foot of an elephant; मृदुचलदपरान्तोदीरितान्दूनिनादम् Śi.11.7;18.32.
    -6 Islander, inhabitant of an island (द्वीपवासिन्) कोट्यापरान्ताः सामुद्रा रत्नान्युपहरन्तु ते Rām.2.82.8.
    -अन्तकः 1. = ˚अन्तः pl.
    -2 N. of a song; अपरान्तकमुल्लोप्यं मद्रकं प्रकरीं तथा । औवेणकं सरोबिन्दुमुत्तरं गीतकानि च ॥ Y3.113; ˚अन्तिका N. of a metre consisting of 64 mātrās.
    -अपराः, -रे, -राणि another and another, several, various.
    -अपरम् ind. Further and further (उत्तरोत्तरम्); अहं हि वचनं त्वत्तः शुश्रूषुरपरापरम् Mb.5.136.14.
    -अर्धम् the latter or second half.
    -अह्न [fr.अहन् changed to अह्न P.II. 4.29, V.4.88.] the latter part of the day, the after- noon, closing or last watch of the day; Ms.3.278; अपराह्णशीतलतरेण शनैरनिलेन Śi.9.4; ˚तन, ˚ह्णेतन belonging to this time; ˚कृतं P.II.1.45.
    -इतरा the east.
    -कान्य- कुब्ज a. situated in or belonging to the western part of Kānyakubja.
    -कालः later period.
    -गात्रम् a minor limb (hand, foot etc.); कोपप्रसादापरगात्रहस्तः (सुप्तः क्षितौ) रावणगन्धहस्ती) Rām.6.19.1.
    -गोदानम् (also गोडनि or गोडानि) N. of a country to the west of Mahāmeru (according to Buddhistic ideas).
    -ज a. born later or at the end of the world. (
    -जः) the destroying fire.
    -जनः an inhaditant of the west, the western people.
    -दक्षिणम् ind. in the south-west (belonging to the तिष्ठद्गु class).
    -पक्षः 1 the second or dark half of the month.
    -2 the other or opposite side; a defendant (in law).
    -पञ्चालाः the western Pañchālas.
    -पर a. one and the other, several, various; अपरपराः सार्थाः गच्छन्ति P.VI.1.144. Sk. several caravans go; (अपरे च परे च सकृदेव गच्छन्ति).
    -पाणिनीयाः the pupils of Pāṇini living in the west.
    -प्रणेय a. easily led or influenced by others, docile, tractable.
    -भावः 1 being another or different, differ- ence.
    -2 succession, continuation.
    -रात्रः [अपरं रात्रेः] the latter or closing part of night, the last watch of night (P.V.4.87); उत्थायापररात्रान्ते प्रयताः सुसमाहिताः Bhāg.8.4.24. ˚कृतम् P.II.1.45.
    -लोकः the other world, the next world. Paradise.
    -वक्त्रा, -क्त्रम् N. of a metre.
    -वैराग्यम् a kind of Vairāgya mentioned by Patañjali (दुष्टानुश्राविकविषयवितृष्णस्य वशीकारसंज्ञं वैराग्यम्).
    -सक्थम् the hind thigh.
    -स्वस्तिकम् the western point in the horizon.
    -हैमन a. belonging to the latter helf of winter (P.VII.3.11).

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > अपर _apara

  • 8 von

    Präp.
    1. räumlich: from; von etw. weg: off s.th.; von wo( her)? where from?; vom
    2. zeitlich: from; von morgen an from tomorrow (onwards), as of tomorrow; an II
    3. für den (partitiven) Genitiv, Teil: of; die Einfuhr von Weizen the import of wheat; zwei von uns two of us; neun von zehn Leuten nine out of ( Statistik: in) ten people; ein Freund von mir a friend of mine; von dem Apfel essen have some of the apple
    4. Anfang, Ausgang(spunkt): from; von 20 Euro an oder aufwärts from 20 euros up(wards), 20 euros and up(wards); klein I
    5. Ursache, Urheber: of; beim Passiv: by; ein Brief von Jens a letter from Jens; ein Gedicht von Schiller a poem by Schiller; Kinder haben von have children by; das ist nett von ihm that’s nice of him; von mir aus I don’t mind, it’s all the same to me; von mir aus kann er gehen I don’t mind if he goes, I don’t mind him going, he can go as far as I’m concerned; selbst I; vom
    6. Maß, Qualität: ein Honorar von 500 Euro a fee of 500 euros; ein Aufenthalt von drei Wochen a three-week stay; ein Kind von drei Jahren a child of three; ein Mann von Charakter / Format a man of character / substance; ein Koloss von einem Mann a giant of a man; ein Kunstwerk von einem Kleid etc. a dress etc. that is a work of art in itself
    7. Thema: (über) of, about; ich habe von ihm gehört I’ve heard of him; er weiß von der Sache he knows about it; man spricht von Brandstiftung there’s talk of arson
    * * *
    from; by; of
    * * *
    vọn [fɔn]
    prep +dat
    1) (einen Ausgangspunkt angebend, räumlich, zeitlich) from

    von... an — from...

    vom 10. Lebensjahr an — since he/she was ten years old

    von diesem Tag/Punkt an or ab — from this day/point on(wards)

    Waren von 5 Euro an or ab — goods from 5 euros (Brit), goods from 5 euros on (US)

    von... aus — from...

    von... bis — from... to

    von... zu — from... to

    2) (von... weg) from

    etw von etw nehmen/abreißen — to take/tear sth off sth

    3) (in Verbindung mit adj, vb siehe auch dort) (Ursache, Urheberschaft ausdrückend, im Passiv) by

    von etw beeindruckt/überrascht — impressed/surprised by sth

    4) (partitiv, anstelle von Genitiv) of

    dieser Dummkopf von Gärtner...! (inf) — that idiot of a gardener...!

    5) (in Verbindung mit n, adj, vb siehe auch dort) (Beschaffenheit, Eigenschaft etc ausdrückend, bestehend aus) of

    ein "von (und zu) " sein — to have a handle to one's name

    sich "von" schreiben (lit) — to have a "von" before one's name

    da kannst du dich aber "von" schreiben (fig) — you can be really proud yourself (there)

    7) (= über) about

    Geschichten vom Weihnachtsmann/von Feen — stories about Santa Claus/fairies

    von wo/wann/was — where/when/what... from, from where/when/what (form)

    9)

    (inf in aufgelösten Kontraktionen) von dem halte ich gar nichts — I don't think much of him

    10) (inf)

    von wegen — no way! (inf)

    von wegen der Karte/dem Buch (incorrect) — about the map/the book

    * * *
    1) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) by
    2) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) by
    3) (used before the place, thing, person, time etc that is the point at which an action, journey, period of time etc begins: from Europe to Asia; from Monday to Friday; a letter from her father.) from
    4) (used to indicate that from which something or someone comes: a quotation from Shakespeare.) from
    5) (used to indicate separation: Take it from him.) from
    6) from
    7) (belonging to: a friend of mine.) of
    8) (away from (a place etc); after (a given time): within five miles of London; within a year of his death.) of
    9) (written etc by: the plays of Shakespeare.) of
    10) (belonging to or forming a group: He is one of my friends.) of
    11) (showing: a picture of my father.) of
    12) (about: an account of his work.) of
    13) (away from; down from: It fell off the table; a mile off the coast; He cut about five centimetres off my hair.) off
    14) (from among: Four out of five people like this song.) out of
    * * *
    [fɔn]
    1. räumlich (ab, herkommend) from; (aus... herab/heraus) off, out of
    ich fliege morgen \von München nach Hamburg tomorrow I'm flying from Munich to Hamburg
    der Zug \von Wien nach Stuttgart fährt Bahnsteig an 2 ein the train from Vienna to Stuttgart arrives on platform 2
    wie komme ich vom Bahnhof am besten zum Rathaus? how can I best get from the station to the town hall?
    \von hier bis zur Wand müssten es etwa fünf Meter sein it must be about five metres from here to the wall
    \von diesem Fenster kann man alles gut beobachten you can see everything very well from this window
    diese Eier sind \von unserem Hof these eggs are from our farm
    er fiel \von der Leiter he fell off the ladder
    sie fiel vom Baum she fell out of the tree
    \von hinten/vorne from behind/the front
    \von links/rechts from left/right
    \von Norden/Westen, etc. from the North/West, etc.
    der Wind kommt \von Süden the wind comes from the South
    \von weit her kommen to come from far away
    \von woher...? where...from?, from where...?
    2. räumlich (etw entfernend) from, off
    er nahm die Whiskyflasche \von der Anrichte he took the bottle of whisky from the sideboard
    sie sprang vom Tisch she jumped off the table
    allen Ballast \von sich dat werfen to get rid of all burden
    sich dat den Schweiß \von der Stirn wischen to wipe sweat from one's brow
    die Wäsche \von der Leine nehmen to take the washing in off the line
    \von zu Hause weggehen to go away from home
    3. zeitlich (stammend) from
    ich kenne sie \von früher I knew her a long time ago
    ich will nichts mehr \von damals wissen! I don't want to know any more about that time!
    \von wann ist der Brief? when is the letter from?
    für Jugendliche \von 12 bis 16 gilt ein gesonderter Tarif there is a special price for adolescents from twelve to sixteen
    \von... bis from... to
    ich bin \von morgen bis zum 23. verreist I'm away from tomorrow until 23rd
    von 9 bis 5 Uhr arbeiten to work from 9 to 5
    \von Montag bis Freitag from Monday to Friday
    Ihr Brief vom... your letter from [or dated]...
    die Zeitung \von gestern yesterday's paper
    \von jetzt/morgen an from now/tomorrow on [or onwards]
    die neue Regelung gilt \von März an the new regulation is valid as of March
    \von klein an from her/his earliest days
    \von Tag zu Tag day after day
    4. (Urheber, Ursache) from
    \von wem ist dieses schöne Geschenk? who is this lovely present from?
    \von wem hast du das Buch bekommen? who gave you the book?
    \von wem weißt du das? who told you that?
    \von wem ist dieser Roman? who is this novel by?
    das Bild ist \von einem unbekannten Maler the picture is by an unknown painter
    \von solchen Tricks bin ich nicht sehr beeindruckt I'm not very impressed by tricks like that
    das war nicht nett \von dir! that was not nice of you!
    \von was ist hier eigentlich die Rede? (fam) what are we talking about here?
    \von was sollen wir eigentlich leben? (fam) what are we supposed to live on?
    er wurde \von einem Auto angefahren he was hit by a car
    \von der Sonne gebräunt werden [o sein] to be browned by the sun
    \von jdm gelobt werden to be praised by sb
    \von Hand gefertigt (fig) handmade
    müde \von der Arbeit tired of work
    die Musik \von Beethoven Beethoven's music
    \von Rechts wegen by operation of law, ipso jure
    5. statt Genitiv (Zugehörigkeit) of
    das Auto \von meinem Vater ist blau (fam) my father's car is blue
    er wohnt in der Nähe \von Köln he lives near Cologne
    ich möchte die Interessen \von meinen Geschwistern vertreten I should like to represent the interests of my brothers and sisters
    ein Freund/eine Freundin \von mir a friend of mine
    die Königin \von England the Queen of England
    Mutter/Vater \von vier Kindern sein to have four children
    der Vertrag \von Maastricht the Treaty of Maastricht
    6. (Menge, Gruppenangabe) of
    keiner \von uns wusste Bescheid none of us knew about it
    keiner \von diesen Vorwürfen ist wahr none of these accusations are true
    einer \von uns one of us
    einer \von vielen/hundert one of many/one in a hundred
    5 km \von Innsbruck entfernt 5 km away from Innsbruck
    einen Abstand \von zwei Metern a distance of two metres
    ein Aufenthalt \von vier Wochen a four-week stay
    eine Fahrt/Pause \von zehn Minuten a ten minute drive/break
    ein Kind \von sieben Jahren a seven year old child
    Städte \von über 100.000 Einwohnern cities with over 100,000 inhabitants
    8. (geh: Eigenschaft) of
    ein Mann \von Charakter a real character
    eine Frau \von Schönheit a beautiful woman
    eine Angelegenheit \von größter Wichtigkeit an extremely important matter
    9. (veraltend: Zusammensetzung) of
    ein Strauß \von Rosen a bunch of roses
    ein Ring \von purem Gold a ring made of pure gold
    die Herzogin von York the Duchess of York
    11.
    ▶ \von wegen! (fam) not a chance!, no way! fam
    \von wegen verschwiegen, das ist die größte Klatschbase, die ich kenne no way will she keep that quiet, she's the biggest gossip I know!
    * * *
    1) (räumlich) from

    nördlich/südlich von Mannheim — to the north/south of Mannheim

    rechts/links von mir — on my right/left

    von hier an od. (ugs.) ab — from here on[ward]

    etwas von etwas [ab]wischen/[ab]brechen/[ab]reißen — wipe/break/tear something off something; s. auch aus 2. 3); her 1); vorn I

    2) (zeitlich) from

    vonjetzt an od. (ugs.) ab — from now on

    von heute/morgen an — [as] from today/tomorrow; starting today/tomorrow

    von Kindheit an — from or since childhood

    in der Nacht von Freitag auf od. zu Samstag — during Friday night or the night of Friday to Saturday

    das Brot ist von gestern — it's yesterday's bread; s. auch her 2)

    4) (zur Angabe des Urhebers, der Ursache, beim Passiv) by

    müde von der Arbeit sein — be tired from work[ing]

    sie hat ein Kind von ihm — she has a child by him; s. auch wegen 2.

    5) (zur Angabe von Eigenschaften) of

    Kinder [im Alter] von vier Jahren — children aged four

    9) (über) about
    * * *
    von präp
    1. räumlich: from; von etwas weg: off sth;
    von wo(her)? where from?; → vom
    2. zeitlich: from;
    von morgen an from tomorrow (onwards), as of tomorrow; → an B
    3. für den (partitiven) Genitiv, Teil: of;
    die Einfuhr von Weizen the import of wheat;
    zwei von uns two of us;
    neun von zehn Leuten nine out of ( Statistik: in) ten people;
    ein Freund von mir a friend of mine;
    von dem Apfel essen have some of the apple
    4. Anfang, Ausgang(spunkt): from;
    aufwärts from 20 euros up(wards), 20 euros and up(wards); → klein A
    5. Ursache, Urheber: of; beim Passiv: by;
    ein Brief von Jens a letter from Jens;
    ein Gedicht von Schiller a poem by Schiller;
    Kinder haben von have children by;
    das ist nett von ihm that’s nice of him;
    von mir aus I don’t mind, it’s all the same to me;
    von mir aus kann er gehen I don’t mind if he goes, I don’t mind him going, he can go as far as I’m concerned; → selbst A; vom
    6. Maß, Qualität:
    ein Honorar von 500 Euro a fee of 500 euros;
    ein Aufenthalt von drei Wochen a three-week stay;
    ein Kind von drei Jahren a child of three;
    ein Mann von Charakter/Format a man of character/substance;
    ein Koloss von einem Mann a giant of a man;
    ein Kunstwerk von einem Kleid etc a dress etc that is a work of art in itself
    7. Thema: (über) of, about;
    ich habe von ihm gehört I’ve heard of him;
    er weiß von der Sache he knows about it;
    man spricht von Brandstiftung there’s talk of arson
    der Herzog von Edinburgh the Duke of Edinburgh
    * * *
    1) (räumlich) from

    nördlich/südlich von Mannheim — to the north/south of Mannheim

    rechts/links von mir — on my right/left

    von hier an od. (ugs.) ab — from here on[ward]

    etwas von etwas [ab]wischen/[ab]brechen/[ab]reißen — wipe/break/tear something off something; s. auch aus 2. 3); her 1); vorn I

    2) (zeitlich) from

    vonjetzt an od. (ugs.) ab — from now on

    von heute/morgen an — [as] from today/tomorrow; starting today/tomorrow

    von Kindheit an — from or since childhood

    in der Nacht von Freitag auf od. zu Samstag — during Friday night or the night of Friday to Saturday

    das Brot ist von gestern — it's yesterday's bread; s. auch her 2)

    4) (zur Angabe des Urhebers, der Ursache, beim Passiv) by

    müde von der Arbeit sein — be tired from work[ing]

    sie hat ein Kind von ihm — she has a child by him; s. auch wegen 2.

    5) (zur Angabe von Eigenschaften) of

    Kinder [im Alter] von vier Jahren — children aged four

    9) (über) about
    * * *
    adj.
    off adj. präp.
    by prep.
    from prep.
    of prep.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > von

  • 9 पूर्व _pūrva

    पूर्व a. (Declined like a pronoun when it implies relative position in time or space, but optionally so in nom. pl.; and abl. and loc. sing.)
    1 Being in front of, first, foremost.
    -2 Eastern, easterly, to the east of; ग्रामात् पर्वतः पूर्वः Sk.; पूर्वापरौ तोयनिधी वगाह्य Ku.1.1.
    -3 Previous to, earlier than; ब्राह्मणे साहसः पूर्वः Ms.8.276.
    -4 Old, ancient; पूर्वसूरिभिः R.1.4; इदं कविभ्यः पूर्वेभ्यो नमोवाकं प्रशास्महे U.1.1.
    -5 Former, previous, anterior, prior, antecedent (opp. उत्तर); in this sense often at the end of comp. and translated by 'formerly.' or 'before'; श्रुतपूर्व &c.; व्यतीता या निशा पूर्वा पौराणां हर्षवर्धिनी Rām.7.37.1.
    -6 Aforesaid, before-mentioned.
    -7 Initial.
    -8 Established, customary, of long standing
    -9 Early, prime, पूर्वे वयसि Pt.1.165 'in early age or prime of life.
    -1 Elder (ज्येष्ठ); रामः पूर्वो हि नो भ्राता भविष्यति महीपतिः Rām.2.79.8.
    -11 (At the end of comp.) Preceded by, accompanied by, attended with; संबन्धमा भाषणपूर्वमाहुः R.2.58; पुण्यः शब्दो मुनिरिति मुहुः केवलं राजपूर्वः Ś2.17; तान् स्मितपूर्वमाह Ku.7.47; बहुमानपूर्वया 5.31; दशपूर्वरथं यमाख्यया दशकण्ठारिगुरुं विदुर्बुधाः R.8.29; so मतिपूर्वम् Ms.11.147 'intentionally', 'knowingly'; 12.89; अबोधपूर्वम् 'unconsciously', Ś.5.2. &c.
    -र्वः An ancestor, a forefather; पूर्वैः किलायं परिवर्धितो नः R.13.3; पयः पूर्वैः सनिश्वासैः कवोष्णमुपभुज्यते 1.67;5.14; अनुकारिणि पूर्वेषां युक्तरूपमिदं त्वयि Ś.2.17.
    -र्वम् The fore- part; अनवरतधनुर्ज्यास्फालनक्रूरपूर्वम् (गात्रम्) Ś.2.4.
    -र्वा 1 The east
    -2 N. of a country to the east of Madhya- deśa.
    -र्वम् ind.
    1 Before (with abl.); मासात् पूर्वम्.
    -2 Formerly, previously, at first, antecedently, before- hand; तं पूर्वमभिवादयेत् Ms.2.117;3.94;8.25;; R. 12.35; प्रणिपातपूर्वम् K; भूतपूर्वखरालयम् U.2.17 'which formerly was the abode', &c.; समयपूर्वम् Ś.5. 'after a formal agreement.'
    -3 Immemorially. (पूर्वेण 'in front', 'before', 'to the east of', with gen. or acc.; अद्य पूर्वम् 'till-now', 'hitherto';
    पूर्वः -ततः -पश्चात् -उपरि 'first- then, first-afterwards', 'previously, subsequently',
    पूर्वम् -अधुना or
    -अद्य 'formerly-now.'
    -Comp. -अग्निः the sacred fire kept in the house (आवसथ्य).
    -अङ्गः the first day in the civil month.
    -अचलः, -अद्रिः the eastern mountain behind which the sun and moon are supposed to rise.
    -अधिकारिन् m. the first occu- pant, a prior owner.
    -अन्तः the end of a preceding word.
    1 eastern and western; कतमो$यं पूर्वापर- समुद्रावगाढः सानुमानालोक्यते Ś.7; पूर्वापरौ तोयनिधी वगाह्य Ku. 1.1.
    -2 first and last.
    -3 prior and subsequent, pre- ceding and following.
    -4 connected with another.
    (-रम्) 1 what is before and behind.
    -2 connection; न च पूर्वापरं विद्यात् Ms.8.56.
    -3 the proof and the thing to be proved. ˚विरोधः inconsistency, incongruity.
    -अभि- मुख a. turned towards or facing the east.
    -अभ्यासः former practice or experience.
    -अम्बुधिः the eastern ocean.
    -अर्जित a. attained by former works. (
    -तम्) ancestral property.
    -अर्धः, -र्धम् 1 the first half; दिनस्य पूर्वार्धपरार्धभिन्ना छायेव मैत्री खलसज्जनानाम् Bh.2.6; समाप्तं पूर्वार्धम् &c.
    -2 the upper part (of the body); शकुन्तला पूर्वार्धेन शयनादुत्थाय Ś.3; R.16.6.
    -3 the first half of a hemistich.
    -अवसायिन् a. what occurs first or earlier; पूर्वावसायिनश्च बलीयांसो जघन्यावसायिभ्यः ŚB. on MS.12.2.34.
    -अह्णः the earlier part of the day, forenoon; Ms.4. 96,152. श्वः कार्यमद्य कुर्वीत पूर्वाह्णे चापराह्णिकम् (पूर्वाह्णतन, पूर्वा- ह्णिकः, पूर्वाह्णेतन a. relating to the forenoon).
    -आवेदकः a plaintiff.
    -आषाढा N. of the 2th lunar mansion con- sisting of two stars.
    - इतर a. western.
    -उक्त, -उदित a. beforementioned, aforesaid,
    -उत्तर a. north-eastern. (
    -रा) the north-east. (
    -रे dual) the preceding and following, antecedent and subsequent.
    -कर्मन् n.
    1 a former act or work.
    -2 the first thing to be done, a prior work.
    -3 actions done in a former life.
    -4 preparations, preliminary arrangements.
    -कल्पः former times.
    -कायः 1 the fore-part of the body of animals; पश्चार्धेन प्रविष्टः शरपतनभयाद् भूयसा पूर्वकायम् Ś.1.7.
    -2 the upper part of the body of men; स्पृशन् करेणानतपूर्वकायम् R.5.32; पर्यङ्कबन्धस्थिरपूर्वकायम् Ku.3.45.
    -काल a. belonging to ancient times. (
    -लः) former or ancient times.
    -कालिक, -कालीन a. ancient.
    -काष्ठा the east, eastern quarter.
    -कृत a. previously done. (
    -तम्) an act done in a former life.
    -कोटिः f. the starting point of a debate, the first statement or पूर्वपक्ष q. v.
    -क्रिया preparation.
    -गा N. of the river Godāvarī.
    -गङ्गा N. of the river Narmadā; रेवेन्दुजा पूर्वगङ्गा नर्मदा मेकलीद्रिजा Abh. Chin.183.
    -चोदित a.
    1 aforesaid, above-men- tioned.
    -2 previously stated or advanced (as an objec- tion.
    -ज a.
    1 born or produced before or formerly, first-produced, first-born; यमयोः पूर्वजः पार्थः Mb.3.141. 11.
    -2 ancient, old.
    -3 eastern.
    (-जः) 1 an elder brother; अपहाय महीशमार्चिचत् सदसि त्वां ननु भामपूर्वजः; Śi. 16.44; R.15.36.
    -2 the son of the elder wife.
    -3 an ancestor, a forefather; स पूर्वजानां कपिलेन रोषात् R.16.34.
    -4 (pl.) the progenitors of mankind.
    -5 the manes living in the world of the moon. (
    -जा) an elder sister.
    -जन्मन् n. a former birth. (-m.) an elder brother; स लक्ष्मणं लक्ष्मणपूर्वजन्मा (विलोक्य) R.14.44.;15.95.
    -जातिः f. a former birth.
    -ज्ञानम् knowledge of a former life.
    -तापनीयम् N. of the first half of नृसिंहतापनीयोपनिषद्.
    -दक्षिण a. south-eastern. (
    -णा) the south-east.
    -दिक्पतिः Indra, the regent of the east.
    -दिनम् the forenoon.
    -दिश् f. the east.
    -दिश्य a. situated towards the east, eastern.
    -दिष्टम् the award of destiny.
    -दृष्ट a.
    1 primæval.
    -2 declared by the ancients; यथा ब्राह्मण- चाण्डालः पूर्वदृष्टस्तथैव सः Ms.9.87.
    -देवः 1 an ancient deity.
    -2 a demon or Asura; भूमिदेवनरदेवसंगमे पूर्वदेवरिपुरर्हणां हरिः Śi.14.58.
    -3 a progenitor (पितृ).
    -4 (du.) an epithet of Nara-Nārāyaṇa; सव्यसाचिन् महाबाहो पूर्वदेव सनातन Mb.3. 41.35. (com. पूर्वदेव नरनारायणसख).
    -देवता a progenitor (पितृ) of gods or of men; अक्रोधनाः शौचपराः सततं ब्रह्म- चारिणः । न्यस्तशस्त्रा महाभागाः पितरः पूर्वदेवताः ॥ Ms.3.192.
    -देशः the eastern country, or the eastern part of India.
    -द्वार a. favourable in the eastern region.
    -निपातः the irregular priority of a word in a compound; cf. परनिपात.
    -निमित्त an omen.
    -निविष्ट a. made formerly, in past; यस्तु पूर्वनिविष्टस्य तडागस्योदकं हरेत् Ms.9.281.
    -पक्षः 1 the fore-part or side.
    -2 the first half of a lunar month; सर्वं पूर्वपक्षापरपक्षाभ्यामभिपन्नम् Bṛi. Up.3.1.5.
    -3 the first part of an argument, the prima facie argument or view of a question; विषयो विशयश्चैव पूर्वपक्षस्तथोत्तरम्.
    -4 the first objection to an argument.
    -5 the statement of the plaintiff.
    -6 a suit at law.
    -7 an assertion, a proposi- tion. ˚पादः the plaint, the first stage of a legal proceeding.
    -पदम् the first member of a compound or sentence.
    -पर्वतः the eastern mountain behind which the sun is supposed to rise.
    -पश्चात्, -पश्चिम ind. from the east to the west.
    -पाञ्चालक a. belonging to the eastern Pañch- ālas.
    -पाणिनीयाः m. (pl.) the disciples of Pāṇini living in the east.
    -पालिन् m. an epithet of Indra.
    -पितामहः a forefather, an ancestor; अब्रवीद् हि स मां क्रुद्धस्तव पूर्वपितामहः । मूत्रश्लेष्माशनः पाप निरयं प्रतिपत्स्यसे ॥ Mb.12.3.21.
    -पीठिका introduction.
    -पुरुषः 1 an epithet of Brahmā.
    -2 anyone of the first three ancestors, beginning with the father (पितृ, पितामह, and प्रपितामह); Pt.1.89.
    -3 an ancestor in general.
    -पूर्व a. each preceding one. (
    -र्वाः) m. (pl.) forefathers.
    -प्रोष्ठपदा = पूर्वभाद्रपदा; Mb.13.89.13.
    -फल्गुनी the eleventh lunar mansion containing two stars. ˚भवः an epithet of the planet Jupiter.
    -बन्धुः first or best friend; Mk.
    -भवः a former life.
    -भागः 1 the forepart.
    -2 the upper part.
    -भा(भ)द्रपदा the twentyfifth lunar mansion containing two stars.
    -भावः 1 priority.
    -2 prior or antecedent existence; येन सहैव यस्य यं प्रति पूर्वभावो$वगम्यते Tarka K.
    -3 (Rhet.) disclosing an intention.
    -भाषिन् a. willing to speak first; hence polite, courteous.
    -भुक्तिः f. prior occupation or possession; Ms.8.252.
    -भूत a. preceding, previous.
    -मध्याह्नः the forenoon.
    -मारिन् a. dying before; एवंवृत्तां सवर्णां स्त्रीं द्विजातिः पूर्वमारिणीम् (दाहयेत्) Ms.5.167.
    -मीमांसा 'the prior or first Mīmāṁsā', an inquiry into the first or ritual portion of the Veda, as opposed to the उत्तरमीमांसा or वेदान्त; see मीमांसा.
    -मुख a. having the face turned towards the east.
    -याम्य a. south-eastern.
    -रङ्गः the commencement or prelude of a drama, the prologue; यन्नाठ्यवस्तुनः पूर्वं रङ्गविघ्नोपशान्तये । कुशीलवाः प्रकुर्वन्ति पूर्वरङ्गः स उच्यते ॥ D. R; पूर्वरङ्गं विधायैव सूत्रधारो निवर्तते S. D.283; पूर्वरङ्गः प्रसंगाय नाटकीयस्य वस्तुनः Śi.2.8. (see Malli. there- on).
    -रागः the dawning or incipient love, love between two persons which springs (from some previous cause) before their meeting; श्रवणाद् दर्शनाद् वापि मिथः संरूढरागयोः । दशाविशेषोयो$प्राप्तौ पूर्वरागः स उच्यते ॥ S. D.214.
    -रात्रः the first part of the night (from dusk to midnight).
    -रूपम् 1 indication of an approaching change; an omen.
    -2 a symptom of occuring disease.
    -3 the first of two con- current vowels or consonants that is retained.
    -4 (in Rhet.) a figure of speech which consists in describing anything as suddenly resuming its former state.
    -लक्षणम् a symptom of coming sickness.
    -वयस् a. young. (-n.) youth.
    -वर्तिन् a. existing before, prior, previous.
    -वाक्यम् (in dram.) an allusion to former utterance.
    -वादः the first plea or commencement of an action at law; पूर्ववादं परित्यज्य यो$न्यमालम्बते पुनः । पदसंक्रमणाद् ज्ञेयो हीनवादी स वै नरः ॥ Mitā.
    -वादिन् m. the complainant or plaintiff.
    -विद् a. knowing the events of the past; historian; पृथोरपीमां पृथिवीं भार्यां पूर्वविदो विदुः Ms.9.44.
    -विप्रतिषेधः the conflict of two statements contrary to each other.
    -विहित a. deposited before.
    -वृत्तम् 1 a former event; पूर्ववृत्तकथितैः पुराविदः सानुजः पितृ- सखस्य राघवः (अह्यमानः) R.11.1.
    -2 previous conduct.
    -वैरिन् a. one who first commences hostilities, an ag- gressor.
    -शारद a. relating to the first half of autumn.
    -शैलः see पूर्वपर्वत.
    -सक्थम् the upper part of the thigh. P. V.4.98.
    -संचित a. gathered before (as in former birth); त्यजेदाश्वयुजे मासि मुन्यन्नं पूर्वसंचितम् Ms.6.15.
    -सन्ध्या daybreak, dawn; रजनिमचिरजाता पूर्वसंध्या सुतैव (अनुपतति) Si.11.4.
    -सर a. going in front.
    -सागरः the eastern ocean; स सेनां महतीं कर्षन् पूर्वसागरगामिनीम् R.4.32.
    -साहसः the first of the three fines; स दाप्यः पूर्वसाहसम् Ms.9.281.
    -स्थितिः f. former or first state.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > पूर्व _pūrva

  • 10 AT

    I) prep.
    A. with dative.
    I. Of motion;
    1) towards, against;
    Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;
    hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;
    Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;
    þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;
    3) to, at;
    koma at landi, to come to land;
    ganga at dómi, to go into court;
    4) along (= eptir);
    ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;
    dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;
    refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;
    5) denoting hostility;
    renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;
    gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;
    6) around;
    vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;
    bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;
    7) denoting business, engagement;
    ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;
    fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.
    II. Of position, &c.;
    1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;
    at kirkju, at church;
    at dómi, in court;
    at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;
    2) denoting participation in;
    vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;
    3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;
    kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;
    var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;
    4) with proper names of places (farms);
    konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;
    biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;
    at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;
    5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;
    at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;
    at Marðar, at Mara’s home;
    at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;
    at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).
    III. Of time;
    1) at, in;
    at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;
    at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;
    at páskum, at Easter;
    at kveldi, at eventide;
    at fjöru, at the ebb;
    at flœðum, at the floodtide;
    2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;
    at ári komanda, next year;
    at vári, er kemr, next spring;
    generally with ‘komanda’ understood;
    at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;
    3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;
    at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;
    at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;
    at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;
    at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;
    at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;
    at honum önduðum, after his death;
    4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;
    hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;
    skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;
    at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.
    IV. fig. and in various uses;
    1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;
    brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;
    verða at ormi, to become a snake;
    2) for, as;
    gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;
    eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;
    3) by;
    taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;
    draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;
    kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;
    auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;
    vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;
    5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;
    ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;
    6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;
    faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);
    aðili at sök = aðili sakar;
    7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;
    hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;
    mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;
    tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;
    kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;
    8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;
    Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);
    þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;
    hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;
    9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);
    at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;
    at landslögum, by the law of the land;
    at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;
    10) in adverbial phrases;
    gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;
    bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;
    at fullu, fully;
    at vísu, surely;
    at frjálsu, freely;
    at eilífu, for ever and ever;
    at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;
    at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;
    at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.
    B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);
    sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;
    at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;
    connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;
    at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.
    1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;
    at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;
    2) in an objective sense;
    hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;
    gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;
    3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).
    1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;
    hón grét at meir, she wept the more;
    þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;
    þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;
    2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);
    þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;
    sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.
    conj., that;
    1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;
    þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;
    vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;
    2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;
    svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;
    3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);
    4) since, because, as (= því at);
    5) connected with þó, því, svá;
    þó at (with subj.), though, although;
    því at, because, for;
    svá at, so that;
    6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;
    þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;
    þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;
    áðr at (= á. en), before;
    7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;
    Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;
    in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.
    V)
    negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.
    odda at, Yggs at, battle.
    * * *
    1.
    and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.
    Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.
    WITH DAT.
    A. LOC.
    I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:
    1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.
    2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.
    3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)
    4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.
    5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.
    β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.
    6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.
    β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.
    γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.
    7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.
    β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.
    8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.
    β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.
    II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.
    2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.
    3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:
    α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.
    β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.
    γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.
    4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.
    5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.
    6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.
    β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.
    γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.
    7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.
    B. TEMP.
    I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.
    II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.
    β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.
    III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:
    1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,
    2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.
    IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:
    1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.
    2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.
    3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.
    V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.
    2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.
    C. METAPH. and in various cases:
    I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:
    α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.
    β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.
    II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.
    2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.
    III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.
    IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.
    2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)
    3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.
    4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.
    5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.
    6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.
    β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.
    V. denoting the source of a thing:
    1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.
    2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.
    VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.
    VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.
    VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.
    β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.
    IX. following many words:
    1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.
    β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …
    γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.
    δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.
    2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.
    3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.
    WITH ACC.
    TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.
    ☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.
    2.
    and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.
    I. it is used either,
    1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,
    2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.
    β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).
    3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.
    II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:
    α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.
    β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.
    γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.
    δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.
    ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.
    ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.
    η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.
    θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.
    3.
    and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.
    I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.
    II. it is used,
    1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.
    2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.
    β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.
    γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.
    III. used in connection with conjunctions,
    1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.
    α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.
    β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.
    γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.
    2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.
    IV. as a relat. conj.:
    1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.
    2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.
    V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.
    4.
    and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.
    5.
    n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.
    β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.
    6.
    the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

  • 11 नैरृत


    nair-ṛitá
    mf (ī́)n. belonging orﾠ consecrated to Nirṛiti (q.v.) AV. ṠBr. etc.;

    south-western Mn. MBh. Suṡr. etc.;
    belonging to the Rākshasas MBh. ( seeﾠ m.);
    relating to the lunar mansion Nairṛita (Mūla) Cat. ;
    m. a child of Nirṛiti, a Rākshasa orﾠ demon MBh. R. etc. (- kanyā f. a Rākshasa girl R. ;
    - rāja m. the Rākshasa-king ib.);
    N. of one of the Loka-pālas (the ruler of the south-west quarter L. ;
    cf. Dharmas. 8);
    of a Rudra Hariv. (C. nir-ṛiti);
    pl. N. of a people MBh. ;
    (ī) f. (with orﾠ sc. diṡ) the south-west quarter Mn. MBh. Var. ;
    N. of Durgā Devīm. ;
    n. the lunar mansion Mūla Var.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > नैरृत

  • 12 दक्षिणा _dakṣiṇā

    दक्षिणा ind.
    1 On the right or south of.
    -2 In the southern direction (with abl.)
    -णा 1 A present or gift to Brāhmaṇas (at the completion of a religious rite, such as a sacrifice).
    -2 Dakṣiṇā regarded as a daughter of Prajāpati and as the wife of Sacrifice personified; पत्नी सुदक्षिणेत्यासीदध्वरस्येव दक्षिणा R.1.31.
    -3 A gift, offering or donation in general, fee, remu- neration; प्राणदक्षिणा, गुरुदक्षिणा &c.; cf. also दक्षिणाशब्दश्च परिक्रयार्थो भवति ŚB. on Ms.1.2.38; परिक्रयार्थे हि दक्षिणा- शब्दो भवति ŚB. on MS.1.2.48. Etymologically दक्षिणा is so called because it imparts power or strength to the receiver; दक्षकरणी हि दक्षिणा । दक्षश्च बलम् ŚB. on MS. 1.3.45; दक्षिणा नाम दक्षतेरुत्साहकर्मणः । दक्षिणा उत्साहिका इति । ŚB. on MS.1.3.57.
    -4 A good milch-cow, prolific cow.
    -5 The south.
    -6 The southern country, the Deccan.
    -7 Fame.
    -8 A kind of heroine thus defined:-- या गौरवं भयं प्रेम सद्भावं पूर्वनायके । न मुञ्चत्यन्यसक्तापि सा ज्ञेया दक्षिणा बुधैः ॥.
    -9 Completion of any rite.
    -Comp. -अर्ह a. deserving or worthy of a gift.
    -आवर्त a.
    1 curved to the right (a conch-shell &c.); Bhāg.5.23.5.
    -2 turned towards the south.
    (-र्तः) 1 the Deccan.
    -2 a conch-shell opening to the right; Divyāvadāna 56.71.
    -कालः the time of receiving Dakṣiṇā.
    -पथः 1 the southern part of India, the south or Deccan; अस्ति दक्षिणापथे विदर्भेषु पद्मपुरं नाम नगरम् Māl.1.
    -2 'the path of the दक्षिणा', i. e. the cow, constituting the sacrificial cow.
    -प्रत्यच् a. south-western.
    -प्रतीची south- west.
    -पथिक a. belonging to the Deccan.
    -प्रवण a. inclining to the south.
    -बन्धः (in Sāṅ. phil.) the bondage of ritual or cermonial observances.
    -मूर्तिः m. a Tāntric form of Śiva.
    -युग्यः the right yoke-horse.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > दक्षिणा _dakṣiṇā

  • 13 आग्नेय


    āgneyá
    mf (ī)n. (Pāṇ. 4-2, 8 Comm.) belonging orﾠ relating orﾠ consecrated to fire orﾠ its deity Agni VS. XXIV, 6 AitBr. ;

    <with kīṭa m. an insect which flies into the fire (applied to a thief who breaks into a room andﾠ extinguishes the lamp) Mṛicch. >;
    belonging orﾠ consecrated to Agnāyī (wife of Agni) Pāṇ. 6-3, 35 Comm. ;
    south-eastern VarBṛS. ;
    m. N. of Skanda MBh. III, 14630 ;
    of Agastya (cf. āgnimārutá above) L. ;
    (ās) m. pl. N. of a people MBh. III, 15256 (v.l. āgreya);
    (ī) f. N. of a daughter of Agni andﾠ wife of Ūru Hariv. VP. ;
    (= agnāyī) the wife of Agni L. ;
    the south-east quarter (of which Agni is the regent) VarBṛS. ;
    (am) n. blood L. ;
    ghee, orﾠ clarified butter L. ;
    gold L. ;
    the Nakshatra Kṛittikā VarBṛS. Sūryas. ;
    N. of a Sāman. ;
    - आग्नेयपावमानी
    - आग्नेयपुराण

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > आग्नेय

  • 14 Parthi

    Parthi, ōrum, m., = Parthoi, the Parthians, a Scythian people, situated to the north-east of the passes of the Caspian and south of Hyrcania, famed in antiquity as roving warriors and skilful archers, Just. 41, 1, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1; id. Phil. 11, 14; Verg. G. 4, 314; Hor. C. 2, 13, 18; id. S. 2, 1, 15; Ov. A. A. 1, 209:

    Parthis mendacior,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112; Tac. A. 2, 1; 6, 34; Vulg. Act. 2, 9.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 2982.— Collect., the Parthian, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 1:

    ecce! fugax Parthus,

    Ov. R. Am. 155:

    versis animosus equis,

    Hor. C. 1, 19, 12.—Hence,
    A.
    Parthus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian:

    eques,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1; Ov. Tr. 2, 228:

    manu,

    id. F. 5, 580:

    rex,

    Juv. 6, 407.—
    B.
    Parthĭa, ae, f., = Parthia, the country of the Parthians, Parthia, the mod. Kohestan, Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Luc. 8, 350.—
    C.
    Par-thĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian, Parthic:

    equitatus,

    Flor. 4, 9, 3:

    regnum,

    Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 2:

    bellum,

    with the Parthians, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 2; 12, 19, 2:

    damna,

    Luc. 1, 106:

    pellis,

    leather dyed of a scarlet-red, prepared by the Parthians, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7;

    hence, too: cingula,

    of Parthian leather, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 94: PARTHICVS as a surname of the emperor Trajan, Inscr. Orell. 795 sq.; of the emperor Septimius Severus, ib. 905 sq. —
    D.
    Parthĭēnē, ēs, f., for Parthia, the [p. 1308] country of the Parthians, Parthiene, Parthia, Curt. 6, 2, 12; 6, 3, 3 et saep.—
    E.
    Parthĭēni, ōrum, another name for Parthi, the Parthians, Curt. 4, 12, 11; 9, 10, 17. —
    F.
    Parthĭcārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Parthian peltry or wares: negotiatores, Imp. Const. Cod. Just. 10, 47, 7:

    PRAETOR,

    one who had jurisdiction over the dealers in Parthian peltry, Inscr. Grut. 350, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Parthi

  • 15 Parthia

    Parthi, ōrum, m., = Parthoi, the Parthians, a Scythian people, situated to the north-east of the passes of the Caspian and south of Hyrcania, famed in antiquity as roving warriors and skilful archers, Just. 41, 1, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1; id. Phil. 11, 14; Verg. G. 4, 314; Hor. C. 2, 13, 18; id. S. 2, 1, 15; Ov. A. A. 1, 209:

    Parthis mendacior,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112; Tac. A. 2, 1; 6, 34; Vulg. Act. 2, 9.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 2982.— Collect., the Parthian, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 1:

    ecce! fugax Parthus,

    Ov. R. Am. 155:

    versis animosus equis,

    Hor. C. 1, 19, 12.—Hence,
    A.
    Parthus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian:

    eques,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1; Ov. Tr. 2, 228:

    manu,

    id. F. 5, 580:

    rex,

    Juv. 6, 407.—
    B.
    Parthĭa, ae, f., = Parthia, the country of the Parthians, Parthia, the mod. Kohestan, Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Luc. 8, 350.—
    C.
    Par-thĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian, Parthic:

    equitatus,

    Flor. 4, 9, 3:

    regnum,

    Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 2:

    bellum,

    with the Parthians, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 2; 12, 19, 2:

    damna,

    Luc. 1, 106:

    pellis,

    leather dyed of a scarlet-red, prepared by the Parthians, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7;

    hence, too: cingula,

    of Parthian leather, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 94: PARTHICVS as a surname of the emperor Trajan, Inscr. Orell. 795 sq.; of the emperor Septimius Severus, ib. 905 sq. —
    D.
    Parthĭēnē, ēs, f., for Parthia, the [p. 1308] country of the Parthians, Parthiene, Parthia, Curt. 6, 2, 12; 6, 3, 3 et saep.—
    E.
    Parthĭēni, ōrum, another name for Parthi, the Parthians, Curt. 4, 12, 11; 9, 10, 17. —
    F.
    Parthĭcārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Parthian peltry or wares: negotiatores, Imp. Const. Cod. Just. 10, 47, 7:

    PRAETOR,

    one who had jurisdiction over the dealers in Parthian peltry, Inscr. Grut. 350, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Parthia

  • 16 Parthicarius

    Parthi, ōrum, m., = Parthoi, the Parthians, a Scythian people, situated to the north-east of the passes of the Caspian and south of Hyrcania, famed in antiquity as roving warriors and skilful archers, Just. 41, 1, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1; id. Phil. 11, 14; Verg. G. 4, 314; Hor. C. 2, 13, 18; id. S. 2, 1, 15; Ov. A. A. 1, 209:

    Parthis mendacior,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112; Tac. A. 2, 1; 6, 34; Vulg. Act. 2, 9.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 2982.— Collect., the Parthian, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 1:

    ecce! fugax Parthus,

    Ov. R. Am. 155:

    versis animosus equis,

    Hor. C. 1, 19, 12.—Hence,
    A.
    Parthus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian:

    eques,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1; Ov. Tr. 2, 228:

    manu,

    id. F. 5, 580:

    rex,

    Juv. 6, 407.—
    B.
    Parthĭa, ae, f., = Parthia, the country of the Parthians, Parthia, the mod. Kohestan, Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Luc. 8, 350.—
    C.
    Par-thĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian, Parthic:

    equitatus,

    Flor. 4, 9, 3:

    regnum,

    Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 2:

    bellum,

    with the Parthians, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 2; 12, 19, 2:

    damna,

    Luc. 1, 106:

    pellis,

    leather dyed of a scarlet-red, prepared by the Parthians, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7;

    hence, too: cingula,

    of Parthian leather, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 94: PARTHICVS as a surname of the emperor Trajan, Inscr. Orell. 795 sq.; of the emperor Septimius Severus, ib. 905 sq. —
    D.
    Parthĭēnē, ēs, f., for Parthia, the [p. 1308] country of the Parthians, Parthiene, Parthia, Curt. 6, 2, 12; 6, 3, 3 et saep.—
    E.
    Parthĭēni, ōrum, another name for Parthi, the Parthians, Curt. 4, 12, 11; 9, 10, 17. —
    F.
    Parthĭcārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Parthian peltry or wares: negotiatores, Imp. Const. Cod. Just. 10, 47, 7:

    PRAETOR,

    one who had jurisdiction over the dealers in Parthian peltry, Inscr. Grut. 350, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Parthicarius

  • 17 Parthicus

    Parthi, ōrum, m., = Parthoi, the Parthians, a Scythian people, situated to the north-east of the passes of the Caspian and south of Hyrcania, famed in antiquity as roving warriors and skilful archers, Just. 41, 1, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1; id. Phil. 11, 14; Verg. G. 4, 314; Hor. C. 2, 13, 18; id. S. 2, 1, 15; Ov. A. A. 1, 209:

    Parthis mendacior,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112; Tac. A. 2, 1; 6, 34; Vulg. Act. 2, 9.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 2982.— Collect., the Parthian, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 1:

    ecce! fugax Parthus,

    Ov. R. Am. 155:

    versis animosus equis,

    Hor. C. 1, 19, 12.—Hence,
    A.
    Parthus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian:

    eques,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1; Ov. Tr. 2, 228:

    manu,

    id. F. 5, 580:

    rex,

    Juv. 6, 407.—
    B.
    Parthĭa, ae, f., = Parthia, the country of the Parthians, Parthia, the mod. Kohestan, Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Luc. 8, 350.—
    C.
    Par-thĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian, Parthic:

    equitatus,

    Flor. 4, 9, 3:

    regnum,

    Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 2:

    bellum,

    with the Parthians, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 2; 12, 19, 2:

    damna,

    Luc. 1, 106:

    pellis,

    leather dyed of a scarlet-red, prepared by the Parthians, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7;

    hence, too: cingula,

    of Parthian leather, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 94: PARTHICVS as a surname of the emperor Trajan, Inscr. Orell. 795 sq.; of the emperor Septimius Severus, ib. 905 sq. —
    D.
    Parthĭēnē, ēs, f., for Parthia, the [p. 1308] country of the Parthians, Parthiene, Parthia, Curt. 6, 2, 12; 6, 3, 3 et saep.—
    E.
    Parthĭēni, ōrum, another name for Parthi, the Parthians, Curt. 4, 12, 11; 9, 10, 17. —
    F.
    Parthĭcārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Parthian peltry or wares: negotiatores, Imp. Const. Cod. Just. 10, 47, 7:

    PRAETOR,

    one who had jurisdiction over the dealers in Parthian peltry, Inscr. Grut. 350, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Parthicus

  • 18 Parthiene

    Parthi, ōrum, m., = Parthoi, the Parthians, a Scythian people, situated to the north-east of the passes of the Caspian and south of Hyrcania, famed in antiquity as roving warriors and skilful archers, Just. 41, 1, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1; id. Phil. 11, 14; Verg. G. 4, 314; Hor. C. 2, 13, 18; id. S. 2, 1, 15; Ov. A. A. 1, 209:

    Parthis mendacior,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112; Tac. A. 2, 1; 6, 34; Vulg. Act. 2, 9.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 2982.— Collect., the Parthian, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 1:

    ecce! fugax Parthus,

    Ov. R. Am. 155:

    versis animosus equis,

    Hor. C. 1, 19, 12.—Hence,
    A.
    Parthus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian:

    eques,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1; Ov. Tr. 2, 228:

    manu,

    id. F. 5, 580:

    rex,

    Juv. 6, 407.—
    B.
    Parthĭa, ae, f., = Parthia, the country of the Parthians, Parthia, the mod. Kohestan, Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Luc. 8, 350.—
    C.
    Par-thĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian, Parthic:

    equitatus,

    Flor. 4, 9, 3:

    regnum,

    Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 2:

    bellum,

    with the Parthians, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 2; 12, 19, 2:

    damna,

    Luc. 1, 106:

    pellis,

    leather dyed of a scarlet-red, prepared by the Parthians, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7;

    hence, too: cingula,

    of Parthian leather, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 94: PARTHICVS as a surname of the emperor Trajan, Inscr. Orell. 795 sq.; of the emperor Septimius Severus, ib. 905 sq. —
    D.
    Parthĭēnē, ēs, f., for Parthia, the [p. 1308] country of the Parthians, Parthiene, Parthia, Curt. 6, 2, 12; 6, 3, 3 et saep.—
    E.
    Parthĭēni, ōrum, another name for Parthi, the Parthians, Curt. 4, 12, 11; 9, 10, 17. —
    F.
    Parthĭcārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Parthian peltry or wares: negotiatores, Imp. Const. Cod. Just. 10, 47, 7:

    PRAETOR,

    one who had jurisdiction over the dealers in Parthian peltry, Inscr. Grut. 350, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Parthiene

  • 19 Parthieni

    Parthi, ōrum, m., = Parthoi, the Parthians, a Scythian people, situated to the north-east of the passes of the Caspian and south of Hyrcania, famed in antiquity as roving warriors and skilful archers, Just. 41, 1, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1; id. Phil. 11, 14; Verg. G. 4, 314; Hor. C. 2, 13, 18; id. S. 2, 1, 15; Ov. A. A. 1, 209:

    Parthis mendacior,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112; Tac. A. 2, 1; 6, 34; Vulg. Act. 2, 9.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 2982.— Collect., the Parthian, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 1:

    ecce! fugax Parthus,

    Ov. R. Am. 155:

    versis animosus equis,

    Hor. C. 1, 19, 12.—Hence,
    A.
    Parthus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian:

    eques,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1; Ov. Tr. 2, 228:

    manu,

    id. F. 5, 580:

    rex,

    Juv. 6, 407.—
    B.
    Parthĭa, ae, f., = Parthia, the country of the Parthians, Parthia, the mod. Kohestan, Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Luc. 8, 350.—
    C.
    Par-thĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian, Parthic:

    equitatus,

    Flor. 4, 9, 3:

    regnum,

    Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 2:

    bellum,

    with the Parthians, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 2; 12, 19, 2:

    damna,

    Luc. 1, 106:

    pellis,

    leather dyed of a scarlet-red, prepared by the Parthians, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7;

    hence, too: cingula,

    of Parthian leather, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 94: PARTHICVS as a surname of the emperor Trajan, Inscr. Orell. 795 sq.; of the emperor Septimius Severus, ib. 905 sq. —
    D.
    Parthĭēnē, ēs, f., for Parthia, the [p. 1308] country of the Parthians, Parthiene, Parthia, Curt. 6, 2, 12; 6, 3, 3 et saep.—
    E.
    Parthĭēni, ōrum, another name for Parthi, the Parthians, Curt. 4, 12, 11; 9, 10, 17. —
    F.
    Parthĭcārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Parthian peltry or wares: negotiatores, Imp. Const. Cod. Just. 10, 47, 7:

    PRAETOR,

    one who had jurisdiction over the dealers in Parthian peltry, Inscr. Grut. 350, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Parthieni

  • 20 solstitialis

    solstĭtĭālis, e, adj. [solstitium].
    I.
    Lit., of or belonging to the summer solstice, solstitial (opp. brumalis):

    (sol) Brumales adeat flexus, atque inde revortens Cancri se ut vortat metas ad solstitiales,

    Lucr. 5, 617:

    dies,

    the day on which the sun enters Cancer, the longest day, Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:

    tempus,

    Ov. F. 6, 790; Vitr. 9, 5:

    nox,

    i. e. the shortest, Ov. P. 2, 4, 26:

    ortus sideris,

    Just. 13, 7, 10:

    circulus,

    the tropic of Cancer, Varr. L. L. 9, § 24 Müll.; Plin. 2, 11, 8, § 50.—Called also orbis, Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 37:

    exortus,

    the point where the sun rises at the summer solstice, Plin. 18, 34, 77, § 333.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of or belonging to midsummer or summer heat: herba, i. e. a summer plant or one that quickly withers, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 36; Aus. Prof. 6, 35; Plin. 26, 5, 14, § 26:

    spinae,

    Col. 2, 17, 1:

    acini,

    Plin. 14, 16, 18, § 99:

    tempus,

    Liv. 35, 49 Drak.:

    caput Leonis,

    Luc. 6, 338:

    morbus,

    the midsummer fever, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 143.—
    B.
    Of or belonging to the sun, solar (for solaris):

    annus, qui solstitiali circumagitur orbe,

    in a solar revolution, Liv. 1, 19, 6;

    for which, annus,

    Serv. A. 4, 653:

    plaga,

    i. e. the south, Sol. 25.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solstitialis

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